Who Was the Architect of the Female Deity Ap Art History

Micronesia 🇫🇲 🇲🇭

Nan Madol

Prototype Courtesy of Wikipedia (CC BY 2.0)

Form

• Basalt boulders and prism-shaped columns
• Logs arranged in astretchers and headers pattern (like to the post-and-lintel pattern of Units one and two)

Role

• Nan Madol acted equally the upper-case letter city of theSaudeleur Dynasty from approximately 1100 to 1628 CE

Content

• The city is made of 92 bogus islands, which are connected by crisscrossing canals (similar to Venice).
• Fifteen-foot-loftier seawalls surround the metropolis in order to block the body of water's waves 🌊 from reaching the surface.
• Lower class citizens lived on the outskirts of the urban center away from people of higher condition, while the upper grade lived nigh the king 🤴 in the heart. This is because the rulers didn't perceive the lower class equally a threat to their power, but the upper form needed to be watched in case they were attempting to overthrow the monarchy.

Context

• The Saudeleur Dynasty barbarous in 1628 CE as a outcome of their oppressive leaders.

Female person Deity from Nukuoro (Tino Aitu)

Paradigm Courtesy of Khan University

Course

• Breadfruit wood

Function

• This work was used during a yearly religious ceremony as a representation of a specificdeity (god or goddess in apolytheistic religion).

Content

• This figure is of a minimalistic,geometric (fabricated of direct lines) human form. It has no identifying features such as a face 👩, and uses horizontal lines instead of more natural-appearing curves.
• Compared to European depictions of women in art, the woman depicted in this figure is much less sexualized. Her chest is broad and geometric, unlike the exaggeratedly large and curved ones of European sculpture, and she is in a stiff, erect position.
• The Female Deity may take been decorated with flowers 🌺 or garments during religious ceremonies.

Context

• The people of Nukuoro converted toProtestantism (a course of Christianity) after interacting with European traders.

Navigation Chart

Image Courtesy of Khan Academy

Class

• Wood, fiber, and contrasted shells

Function

• This work was used as a map 🗺️, but was memorized before a voyage, rather than used throughout it.

Content

• The map is a blazon ofrebbelib (Marshallese navigation chart).
• The horizontal and vertical sticks act as structural back up, the diagonal lines bespeak current of air and water currents, and the shells 🐚 represent islands.

Context

• The people of Federated states of micronesia are well-known for their navigational skills and mapmaking, however, European colonizers saw the Marshallese as primitive and unsophisticated because of these traditions.

Hawaii 🇺🇸

'Ahu 'ula

Image Courtesy of Khan Academy

Form

• 500,000 bird feathers, coconut fiber 🥥, andolonā (a type of plant) fiber

Function

• This'ahu 'ula (Hawaiian feather cape) was worn past male nobility, specially well-respected, high-ranking chiefs and warriors, to protect themselves from damage.

Content

• This work is a semi-circular cape made from seven species of bird feathers: 4 species ofʻōʻōs, ii types ofmamo,ʻiʻiwi, andʻapapane. The majority of these birds 🐤 are now extinct because they were exploited for their feathers.

Context

• Even though the cape was fabricated in Hawaii, it was brought to England onetime in the late eighteenth century and was establish there.

Cook Islands 🇨🇰

Staff God

Images Courtesy of Khan Academy

Form

• Woods, tapa cloth, cobweb, and bird feathers

Function

• Placed in a village common, the Staff God represents a deity'due southmanava (soul), which was believed to exist present everywhere in a person'southward life.

Content

• The work is a 12 foot-long carving of an elongated body with a large head on the elevation 👨 and several smaller ones carved beneath.
• The wooden function of this work is commonly wrapped intapa (a type of cloth made from soaked bark), which was thought to protect the spirit residing in the sculpture.
• Decorations placed within the tapa, such equally the pearl shells and red feathers, stand for the soul of the deity.
• Traditionally, staff gods have a carved phallus at the end of it, but many of them were cut off past Christian missionaries. While they saw it equally indecent, the nativeRarotongan people saw them as a celebration of life and fertility.

Context

• Many of these staff gods were destroyed afterward the Rarotongans were converted to Christianity ⛪ by European missionaries.

Niue 🇳🇺

Hiapo (Tapa) from Niue

Prototype Courtesy of Khan Academy

Grade

• Intricately decorated tapa cloth

Function

• Before cotton wool started to be imported to Niue, tapa was traditionally worn every bit wearable or used in ceremonies and signified the wealth 💵 of its owner.
• Each private tapa has a significant, such every bit commemorating an important effect or remembering an ancestor 👴

Content

• Thehiapo (Niuean word for tapa) is covered in symbolic designs that represent the wealth of its owner, their importance in society, and environmental surroundings.

Context

• Hiapo are traditionally made by women.

New Zealand 🇳🇿

Tamati Waka Nene

Image Courtesy of  Khan Academy

Form

• Oil paint on sheet

Role

• Painter Gottfried Lindauer fabricated this work to commemorateMāori (native group of New Zealand) chief Tamati Waka Nene.

Content

• Since the painter was Czech and incorporated traditionally European techniques like oil painting 🖌️ and realistic shadowing, this work is much more than European in appearance than the other works in this unit.
• Lindauer depicts Tamati Waka Nene'southward prestige by picturing him with Māori symbols of status: akahu kiwi (kiwi feather cloak),pounamu (blazon of light-green rock) earring,tewhatewha (weapon), andmoko (face tattoo).

Context

• The subject of this painting Tamati Waka Nene is remembered for converting to theWesleyan faith of British settlers and making peace ☮️ with them in theTreaty of Waitangi.

Papua New Guinea 🇵🇬

Malagan Mask

Image Courtesy of Davis Publications

Form

• Wood, pigment, fiber, and beat out

Role

• Malagan masks were used at funerals to ensure that the souls of the deceased would make information technology to the afterlife. After the anniversary, they were ordinarily destroyed or allowed to disuse 🥀.

Content

• The mask is painted black, cherry-red, and yellow, which are of import colors to the people of Papua New Republic of guinea since they represent violence, magic, and state of war.
• Malagan masks are non meant to exist physical portraits of the deceased, only they do have homo characteristics 👨 like hair, teeth, and faces.

Context

• Malagan ceremonies are traditionally performed by the native people ofNew Ireland, ane of Papua New Guinea'due south provinces.

Australia 🇦🇺

Buk (Mask)

Image Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Fine art

Form

• Turtle shell, wood, fiber, cassowary feathers, and vanquish

Function

• These buk masks are traditionally worn by men in expiry, fertility, and male initiation ceremonies.
• Because they combine human and animal forms, buk masks are also used to show humans' connection to nature and ensure a successful, bountiful hunting flavor ( ⬅️ this is a major theme in unit 1 too).
• The work may have also been made to commemorate an ancestor or a mythological, supernatural creature.

Resources:

Content

• These masks were part of an outline that performers would wear during ceremonies, including a grass skirt.
• The creator of this work may have used bird feathers to correspond the animals's strength 💪and bravery.

Context

• Turtle shell 🐢 masks are unique to the native people of the islands in theTorres Strait (the trunk of water that separates Papua New Guinea from Australia).

Fiji 🇫🇯

Presentation of Fijian Mats and Tapa Cloths to Queen Elizabeth II

Image Courtesy of Khan Academy

Form

• Photograph of a multimedia operation

Role

• The purpose of this photo 📸 is to document what happened during Queen Elizabeth Two's inflow to Republic of the fiji islands in her 1953-54 purple tour.

Content

• Pictured in the photo is a line of women entering with tapa mats in their artillery, which they are going to give to Queen Elizabeth II. In Fijian culture, tapa is gifted 🎁 during important events similar weddings and funerals, which shows how much the Fijians respected their Queen.

Context

• Fiji didn't gain independence from Great Great britain until 1970, which was 13 years after Queen Elizabeth II visited the nation.

Easter Island (Rapa Nui) 🇨🇱

Moai on Platform (ahu)

Image Courtesy of Wikipedia (CC BY 2.five).

Form

• Volcanic tuff figures on a basalt base of operations

Function

• The statues were congenital to represent and capeesh deceased ancestors ( ⬅️ this is a very important function seen throughout this unit of measurement).

Content

• Themoai (stone sculptures) accept prominent foreheads, large noses, and elongated ears 🗿 and once had designs painted on them, only those have since worn abroad.
• All of the statues have their backs turned towards the sea considering they are believed to exist looking over the island and protecting it.

Context

• Easter Isle (Rapa Nui) is considered the easternmost role of Polynesia, and information technology is closer to South America than Asia, unlike most of the other Pacific islands. Because of this unusual geography, Chile extended its power to Rapa Nui, and the island is now a role of that nation.

And that's a wrap! Hopefully, this unit of measurement guide comes in handy as you report for the AP Art History test.

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Source: https://library.fiveable.me/ap-art-history/unit-9/ap-art-history-unit-9-pacific-regions/study-guide/VBkrSCqSQcXWEzmKbuzc

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